今年盈餘或逾五百億
日前政府公佈截至七月底本財政年度首四個月的財政狀況,政府的盈餘沒有由六月底的四十七億元「翻一番」變成一百億元,不過也足以令筆者咋舌:如果今年隨後沒有大股災或令經濟急速逆轉的意外,政府今個財政年度,盈餘將會遠高於政府年初預算的二百五十億元,真的有機會「翻一番」變成五百億元。
此話何解?截至七月底,政府「只有」四十八億元盈餘,看起來不多,不過,政府的主要收入,通常在每年的十月至一月及三月入賬,所以財政年度初期有赤字是正常現象,一般要到年底或一月才開始有盈餘。但今年政府由四月至今,庫房未嘗「見紅」,顯示政府財政情況「不尋常」地好。以去年為例,全年盈餘五百八十六億元盈餘,是史上第二高的一年,但在七月底,累積赤字也有九十三億元。今年首四個月,居然已有盈餘,最終盈餘有五百億元,應該不難達到,尤其現時四十八億盈餘,已因為政府削減差餉而少收了廿六億元,可見今年政府的財政狀況如何穩健。
當然,政府去年幾項措施,將會令政府最後三個月的收入減少。按政府的估計,削減薪俸稅將會令政府少收一百三十億元;政府將儲備的投資收入改為按歷年回報率計算,也會令今年的投資收入比去年減少約四十億元。
縱使減稅措施令政府收入減少,但筆者仍估計盈餘超標,因為有幾項收入遠較去年為佳。以賣地為例,政府去年首三個月,土地收入只有一百四十億元,今年同期卻高達二百二十億元,增幅超過五成,更已達到全年預算收入的六成!雖然政府削減差餉收入令全港九成的物業首兩季不用繳差餉,但是首季差餉收入也有十七億元,全年收入應比預算為高。
更不得不提的,是印花稅收入。去年股市每日平均成交額,只不過是三百九十億元,但印花稅收入(包括物業)便高達一百七十九億元。今年首四個月,股市每日平均成交額超過七百億元,而且,交投量更有「步步高陞」之勢:今年四月,每日平均成交額為五百四十億元,至七月已達八百九十億元!內地逐漸開放資本賬,容許內地居民購買香港股票,將有助推高交易額,今年印花稅遠超預算的二百二十七億元,並非不可能!
當然,財政年度只過了四分一,在這個階段評估盈餘尚是太早,筆者稍後將不停因應整體發展修訂推算結果。可是,政府評估財政盈餘時往往過分保守,跟不上市場發展,以至往往到草擬預算案的後期,才發現盈餘驚人。政府零六年在預算案低估盈餘,令坊間嘩然,至庫務署公佈實際盈餘額,才尷尬地承認低估盈餘,可惜這筆錢卻只能放進庫房,無法善用。
去年也一樣。政府在七月,推出銷售稅諮詢文件加稅,十月中,財政司仍然高呼「錢從何來」為銷售稅護航,誰知收入卻形勢大好,預算案卻仍然集中一些一次過的「派錢」措施,並沒有讓香港長遠發展有所得益。今年盈餘超標的訊息這麼清晰,希望政府官員及早計劃善用盈餘。
(本文已於2007年9月7日刊於文匯報"單刀直入"專欄。)

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