盡早落實環保稅制改革
過往六、七年,本地已有不少關於開徵環保稅(或稱綠色稅,GREEN TAX)的討論,但多年來,環保稅的進度一直停滯不前。筆者對此甚為失望。
事實上,外國的例子已說明,環保稅是一種能持續改善環境的工具。在大部分經濟合作及發展組織(經合組織,OECD)的國家中,都已經開徵不同的環保稅。例如北歐國家的能源稅,愛爾蘭的膠袋稅等。而開徵的成效亦十分顯著,在愛爾蘭,開徵膠袋稅成功令膠袋使用量下降90%。
根據環保署提供的資料顯示,每日棄置在堆填區的膠袋有2,300萬個,當中包括購物膠袋、垃圾膠袋以及其他包裝膠袋。按照現時平均每公噸125元的堆填區 廢物處置費計算,香港的納稅人在2003-05年處置膠袋廢物的費用達到4,650萬元、4,600元及4,520萬元。加上堆填區的可用壽命正逐漸減 少,筆者認為生產者責任制的立法實在刻不容緩。對於政府即將提交的生產者責任制的條例草案,筆者認為須遵從污者自付及財政中立(revenue neutrality)的原則。
首先,開徵環保稅的目標,必須是為了讓污染者承擔全部或大部分處理污染物的成本,從而改變習慣。由污染者負擔因污染招致的開支,有助導引稅收至促進環境保護的項目,包括教育及資助環保工業。
同時,政府在引入環保稅獲得新收入時,應同時削減其他稅項及影響民生的收費,減輕市民的稅務負擔。由於環保稅屬於累退稅項,低收入家庭所受的影響會更多,所以政府有必要減低環保稅對他們的影響。此原則不單有助盡力平衡市民因新增稅項而承擔的開支,也有助避免政府貪婪地為增加收入而不斷藉保護環境為名開徵新 稅。而在經合組織國家的綠色稅務改革中,往往會在開徵環保稅的同時,削減薪俸稅及社會保障供款等,以降低市民的負擔及增加就業。
筆者不同意政府將開徵膠袋稅的收益撥歸庫房。因為最有效運用環保稅收的方法應是,將稅收用於處理膠袋相關的開支,這樣才可實踐「污者自付」的原則。其次的用途是用於資助推動回收工業,包括為回收商提供財務及技術支援,以致推動環境保護,或補貼低收入人士的稅款支出及教育公眾等。
筆者亦希望即將推出的膠袋徵費法案不應豁免可降解膠袋。雖然可降解膠袋對堆填區土地的影響較普通膠袋為少,但仍會對堆填區構成壓力。同時,這可能會向公眾傳達錯誤信息,認為科技的進步可以減免個人對環境保護的承擔。
政府早於2005年提出於2007年內就購物膠袋、汽車輪胎、電器及電子設備的生產者責任制立法,但至今只就購物膠袋提出立法的初步意向,筆者期望政府能實踐承諾,盡快落實其他產品的生產者責任制的立法程序。
最後,鑒於部分市民對政府建議開徵的膠袋稅的方案存有誤解及疑慮,筆者建議政府除電視廣告外,應加強於地區進行宣傳,以及與區議會、政黨、環保團體及其他地區團體合作,廣為宣傳膠袋稅的內容,以消除公眾疑慮。
(本文已於2007年7月28日刊於文匯報"單刀直入"專欄。)
事實上,外國的例子已說明,環保稅是一種能持續改善環境的工具。在大部分經濟合作及發展組織(經合組織,OECD)的國家中,都已經開徵不同的環保稅。例如北歐國家的能源稅,愛爾蘭的膠袋稅等。而開徵的成效亦十分顯著,在愛爾蘭,開徵膠袋稅成功令膠袋使用量下降90%。
根據環保署提供的資料顯示,每日棄置在堆填區的膠袋有2,300萬個,當中包括購物膠袋、垃圾膠袋以及其他包裝膠袋。按照現時平均每公噸125元的堆填區 廢物處置費計算,香港的納稅人在2003-05年處置膠袋廢物的費用達到4,650萬元、4,600元及4,520萬元。加上堆填區的可用壽命正逐漸減 少,筆者認為生產者責任制的立法實在刻不容緩。對於政府即將提交的生產者責任制的條例草案,筆者認為須遵從污者自付及財政中立(revenue neutrality)的原則。
首先,開徵環保稅的目標,必須是為了讓污染者承擔全部或大部分處理污染物的成本,從而改變習慣。由污染者負擔因污染招致的開支,有助導引稅收至促進環境保護的項目,包括教育及資助環保工業。
同時,政府在引入環保稅獲得新收入時,應同時削減其他稅項及影響民生的收費,減輕市民的稅務負擔。由於環保稅屬於累退稅項,低收入家庭所受的影響會更多,所以政府有必要減低環保稅對他們的影響。此原則不單有助盡力平衡市民因新增稅項而承擔的開支,也有助避免政府貪婪地為增加收入而不斷藉保護環境為名開徵新 稅。而在經合組織國家的綠色稅務改革中,往往會在開徵環保稅的同時,削減薪俸稅及社會保障供款等,以降低市民的負擔及增加就業。
筆者不同意政府將開徵膠袋稅的收益撥歸庫房。因為最有效運用環保稅收的方法應是,將稅收用於處理膠袋相關的開支,這樣才可實踐「污者自付」的原則。其次的用途是用於資助推動回收工業,包括為回收商提供財務及技術支援,以致推動環境保護,或補貼低收入人士的稅款支出及教育公眾等。
筆者亦希望即將推出的膠袋徵費法案不應豁免可降解膠袋。雖然可降解膠袋對堆填區土地的影響較普通膠袋為少,但仍會對堆填區構成壓力。同時,這可能會向公眾傳達錯誤信息,認為科技的進步可以減免個人對環境保護的承擔。
政府早於2005年提出於2007年內就購物膠袋、汽車輪胎、電器及電子設備的生產者責任制立法,但至今只就購物膠袋提出立法的初步意向,筆者期望政府能實踐承諾,盡快落實其他產品的生產者責任制的立法程序。
最後,鑒於部分市民對政府建議開徵的膠袋稅的方案存有誤解及疑慮,筆者建議政府除電視廣告外,應加強於地區進行宣傳,以及與區議會、政黨、環保團體及其他地區團體合作,廣為宣傳膠袋稅的內容,以消除公眾疑慮。
(本文已於2007年7月28日刊於文匯報"單刀直入"專欄。)


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