酒稅減,酒價不減怎麼辦?
去年底,香港酒類行業協會的成員與我會面,目的當然是游說民主黨支持減酒稅。該會指,減酒稅有助刺激旅遊業、增加政府收入、讓消費者得益和增加就業機會。他們指,過去多年來自酒精稅的收入大減,是因為酒稅太高,消費者因而轉飲價格較低的產品。他們也承諾,減稅後會將差價回饋市民,根據他們的估計,葡萄酒的零售價將削減兩成二。
筆者並不同意該會的觀點。市民轉飲平價紅酒是事實,但不一定因為酒稅太貴。而是因為市場擴展了,由一小眾市民飲烈酒,改為更多市民飲葡萄酒,於是,平價的紅酒和白酒也有市場。據筆者的印象,十年前,便利店和超級市場根本不會有紅酒和白酒,但現在隨處也可以買到。筆者偶爾也有品嚐紅酒,但不認為紅酒的價格與品質有直接的關係。舉例來說,新興紅酒市場的紅酒,便比法國的產品要平得多。但是不是所有法國的紅酒也比其他地區的紅酒好?這是見仁見智了,沒有絕對。況且,紅酒的消耗量與稅收也沒有必然關係,因為每個人的酒量都有限,筆者認識一些朋友,根本不能飲酒,不要說減酒稅,免費給他們也不會飲。而且飲酒後又不能駕車,即使免酒稅,市民也不能無止境地飲酒。
第二,減酒稅是否會令市民在食肆的紅酒銷量增?相信讀者都有在食肆點選飲品的經驗。在中高級食肆,一罐在超級市場標價約三至五元的汽水,在食肆享用,可以超過二十元。難道這是因為汽水的成本昂貴嗎?在酒吧,一杯啤酒的價格由三十至六十元不等,但在超級市場的零售價只是五至八元不等。難道政府向食肆的汽水徵稅,而在超級市場的酒類免稅?說到底,只不過是供求問題而已,與成本多少雖然也有關,但並非最重要。
第三,減酒稅就能令零售價下跌,令消費者得益嗎?筆者根本不相信。正如筆者所指,價格不一定與成本有關,而是與供求有關。市民在食肆與朋友歡聚,會有「開支酒高興一下」的念頭,食肆才膽敢將酒價標至成本的三、四倍。減酒稅不會改變這個事實。
減酒稅會否令酒價下跌?大家看看香港的油公司便一清二楚了。每當國際油價上升,本港的油公司的反應一般都很敏捷,立即便加價。但當國際油價下跌,不減價的理由包括現時的油是高價買入、地價、薪酬上升……,市民都耳熟能詳,我們通常以「加價快,減價慢」形容這種情況。
減酒稅後,類似「租金和薪酬成本才最貴」、「減酒稅不足以減價」,又或者「存貨是高稅率時買入」等的理由紛紛見於報章,與油商不減價的理由同出一轍,然後減稅前後的差價,當然是落入酒商和零售商的口袋了。既然減酒稅後零售價不減,不能回饋消費者,民主黨便要重新研究是否支持減酒稅了,將這筆款項用於援助弱勢社群,將會有更多人能得益。
(本文已於2007年5月4日刊於文匯報"單刀直入"專欄。)
筆者並不同意該會的觀點。市民轉飲平價紅酒是事實,但不一定因為酒稅太貴。而是因為市場擴展了,由一小眾市民飲烈酒,改為更多市民飲葡萄酒,於是,平價的紅酒和白酒也有市場。據筆者的印象,十年前,便利店和超級市場根本不會有紅酒和白酒,但現在隨處也可以買到。筆者偶爾也有品嚐紅酒,但不認為紅酒的價格與品質有直接的關係。舉例來說,新興紅酒市場的紅酒,便比法國的產品要平得多。但是不是所有法國的紅酒也比其他地區的紅酒好?這是見仁見智了,沒有絕對。況且,紅酒的消耗量與稅收也沒有必然關係,因為每個人的酒量都有限,筆者認識一些朋友,根本不能飲酒,不要說減酒稅,免費給他們也不會飲。而且飲酒後又不能駕車,即使免酒稅,市民也不能無止境地飲酒。
第二,減酒稅是否會令市民在食肆的紅酒銷量增?相信讀者都有在食肆點選飲品的經驗。在中高級食肆,一罐在超級市場標價約三至五元的汽水,在食肆享用,可以超過二十元。難道這是因為汽水的成本昂貴嗎?在酒吧,一杯啤酒的價格由三十至六十元不等,但在超級市場的零售價只是五至八元不等。難道政府向食肆的汽水徵稅,而在超級市場的酒類免稅?說到底,只不過是供求問題而已,與成本多少雖然也有關,但並非最重要。
第三,減酒稅就能令零售價下跌,令消費者得益嗎?筆者根本不相信。正如筆者所指,價格不一定與成本有關,而是與供求有關。市民在食肆與朋友歡聚,會有「開支酒高興一下」的念頭,食肆才膽敢將酒價標至成本的三、四倍。減酒稅不會改變這個事實。
減酒稅會否令酒價下跌?大家看看香港的油公司便一清二楚了。每當國際油價上升,本港的油公司的反應一般都很敏捷,立即便加價。但當國際油價下跌,不減價的理由包括現時的油是高價買入、地價、薪酬上升……,市民都耳熟能詳,我們通常以「加價快,減價慢」形容這種情況。
減酒稅後,類似「租金和薪酬成本才最貴」、「減酒稅不足以減價」,又或者「存貨是高稅率時買入」等的理由紛紛見於報章,與油商不減價的理由同出一轍,然後減稅前後的差價,當然是落入酒商和零售商的口袋了。既然減酒稅後零售價不減,不能回饋消費者,民主黨便要重新研究是否支持減酒稅了,將這筆款項用於援助弱勢社群,將會有更多人能得益。
(本文已於2007年5月4日刊於文匯報"單刀直入"專欄。)


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