希望解答的迷思
立法會辯論預算案,據一些調查顯示,市民普遍滿意預算案,但預算案為筆者帶來一大堆未能解答的迷思,不知政府中的「高人」可否指點。
筆者對預算案最大的疑問,便是政府儲備豐厚、開支過低,但政府的理想策略卻是增加儲備、削減開支有悖於常理。眾所周知凱恩斯學派認為在經濟不景時,政府應增加開支刺激經濟。當然,現時凱恩斯的學說已不再流行,但是政府的理財哲學:儲備已多得用不完還繼續累積儲備,開支已低得驚人還繼續削減開支,是哪一門的經濟哲學?有沒有理論基礎?能不能告訴市民,除了「益」了金管局之外,對香港整體有什麼好處?
政府去年三月還回覆筆者,指政府的「長遠目標,是把儲備的水平維持在相等於約十二個月的政府開支總額。」不知為什麼,「長遠」了一年後,這個目標忽然在今年變成「維持充足的儲備」。什麼是「充足」?其實政府已不斷暗示,那是國際貨幣基金會所指生產總值三成,不過,國金會認為我們到二零三零年才需要這個水平的儲備。唐英年卻想暗度陳倉,在五年內將儲備增至五千八百億元,等於兩年的政府開支。筆者實在想不通政府要儲起這筆巨款作什麼,況且,不要忘記,外匯基金中尚有五千億元累計盈餘,都是香港市民的資產。
再者,公共服務可改善的空間極多:小班教學只聞樓梯響、東涌至今未有醫院、護理長者的宿位也大排長龍。政府一面說「應使則使」,一面削減公共開支。當然,政府必會說未來數年政府仍會增加公共開支,但筆者所說的「削減」,是指開支追不上經濟發展。《基本法》要求預算案要「與本地生產總值的增長率相適應」,但未來五年,公共開支的增長率只及經濟增長七成!不過,這個數還是「假」的,因為實際的增長率可能更低。更奇怪的是,政府每年預算的開支,包括大約一百億元所謂「額外承擔額」,是用於「預計不到又不能避免的開支」,但是過去多年,政府預算的這筆款項,實際上根本不需要這麼多,很多部門因為種種原因,根本用不完手上的錢,實在有能力吸納一些額外開支。
整個預算案,最不可思議的是一些公營機構,卻有權不將帳目交予立法會,例如金融管理局,開支多少外界無從稽考;新成立的「財務匯報局」的預算要提交予高高在上的政府高層,但政府卻不回答立法會議員的提問。至於旅遊發展局是否大花筒,如果旅發局肯公開更多財務數據讓公眾參考,公眾自然會給予一個公平的評價。
筆者日前在立法會已提出了對預算案的十大迷思,希望財政司司長和一眾局長可以在四月中答辯時回應。
(本文已於2007年3月23日刊於文匯報"單刀直入"專欄。)
筆者對預算案最大的疑問,便是政府儲備豐厚、開支過低,但政府的理想策略卻是增加儲備、削減開支有悖於常理。眾所周知凱恩斯學派認為在經濟不景時,政府應增加開支刺激經濟。當然,現時凱恩斯的學說已不再流行,但是政府的理財哲學:儲備已多得用不完還繼續累積儲備,開支已低得驚人還繼續削減開支,是哪一門的經濟哲學?有沒有理論基礎?能不能告訴市民,除了「益」了金管局之外,對香港整體有什麼好處?
政府去年三月還回覆筆者,指政府的「長遠目標,是把儲備的水平維持在相等於約十二個月的政府開支總額。」不知為什麼,「長遠」了一年後,這個目標忽然在今年變成「維持充足的儲備」。什麼是「充足」?其實政府已不斷暗示,那是國際貨幣基金會所指生產總值三成,不過,國金會認為我們到二零三零年才需要這個水平的儲備。唐英年卻想暗度陳倉,在五年內將儲備增至五千八百億元,等於兩年的政府開支。筆者實在想不通政府要儲起這筆巨款作什麼,況且,不要忘記,外匯基金中尚有五千億元累計盈餘,都是香港市民的資產。
再者,公共服務可改善的空間極多:小班教學只聞樓梯響、東涌至今未有醫院、護理長者的宿位也大排長龍。政府一面說「應使則使」,一面削減公共開支。當然,政府必會說未來數年政府仍會增加公共開支,但筆者所說的「削減」,是指開支追不上經濟發展。《基本法》要求預算案要「與本地生產總值的增長率相適應」,但未來五年,公共開支的增長率只及經濟增長七成!不過,這個數還是「假」的,因為實際的增長率可能更低。更奇怪的是,政府每年預算的開支,包括大約一百億元所謂「額外承擔額」,是用於「預計不到又不能避免的開支」,但是過去多年,政府預算的這筆款項,實際上根本不需要這麼多,很多部門因為種種原因,根本用不完手上的錢,實在有能力吸納一些額外開支。
整個預算案,最不可思議的是一些公營機構,卻有權不將帳目交予立法會,例如金融管理局,開支多少外界無從稽考;新成立的「財務匯報局」的預算要提交予高高在上的政府高層,但政府卻不回答立法會議員的提問。至於旅遊發展局是否大花筒,如果旅發局肯公開更多財務數據讓公眾參考,公眾自然會給予一個公平的評價。
筆者日前在立法會已提出了對預算案的十大迷思,希望財政司司長和一眾局長可以在四月中答辯時回應。
(本文已於2007年3月23日刊於文匯報"單刀直入"專欄。)


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