制訂數碼廣播政策 還看國際趨勢
在數碼年代,各項廣播服務均已數碼化以提供更優質的服務。除了3G網絡外,國外已推出點對多點、高傳送容量的流動電視技術,讓市民透過手提裝置隨時隨地收看電視節目。除此以外,數碼聲音廣播和數碼地面電視廣播技術均能提升頻譜使用效率,為公眾帶來更高質及更多頻道的節目。為了引入上述各項數碼廣播服務,本年一月政府發出了《數碼廣播:流動電視及相關事宜》諮詢文件,就數碼廣播服務的政策,包括頻譜編配政策及發牌製度等諮詢公眾的意見。
這項諮詢其中一項要點是頻譜編配的問題。各項廣播技術均需有可用的頻譜方能提供服務,可是頻譜資源有限,因此需在不同的廣播服務之間作出取捨。現時本港計劃引入的數碼廣播技術主要有三種:數碼地面電視、數碼聲音廣播及流動電視。另一方面,目前有四個頻帶可供引入數碼廣播服務,包括頻帶III、L頻帶、特高頻頻帶(UHF)及S頻帶。由於不同的數碼廣播技術可使用的頻帶互相重疊,當局必須嚮公眾交代釐定分配頻帶的方法。
在剛過去的立法會資訊科技委員會中,當局曾指出由於外國發展數碼聲音廣播服務的經驗未如理想,因此可考慮使用流動電視頻譜,同時進行流動電視和數碼聲音廣播,筆者對這項建議有所保留。由於目前只有韓國採用的T-DMB製式能同時作流動電視及聲音廣播,當局這項建議將影響市場的選擇。另外,現時歐洲大部分國家均計劃採用DVB-H流動電視製式,並已有多個國家推出服務或正進行測試,而內地也打算推動一項自行研發的新製式:中國移動多媒體廣播行業標準。鑑於香港與國際及內地市場息息相關,當局應密切留意國際和內地的流動電視的政策及市場發展,以免頻譜編配方案影響市場選擇適合的技術。
另一方面,文件中指出數碼聲音廣播技術(DAB)欠缺市場需求,筆者對此不敢苟同。現時除了英國在推動DAB技術外,更有多個國家如德國、丹麥、挪威、新加坡等地採用這項技術,其中在新加坡和丹麥更已全面覆蓋所有地區,可見DAB並非如當局所說一般乏善足陳。此外,文件中提及瑞典已暫停在DAB上的投資,可是政府沒有進一步說明該國是因打算引入DAB﹢,即DAB的升級技術,方作出這項決定。DAB+製式剛於零六年十一月製訂,並能進一步提升數碼聲音廣播的質素、提供更多頻道,以及提供更多額外資訊。現時歐洲多國及澳洲、新西蘭等國已計劃或已開始進行測試,相信這項技術仍有發展的空間。
在文件中政府建議三個方案進行頻譜編配,包括由市場主導方案、由政府指令頻譜編配方案,及以流動電視為主,並由營辦商自行決定是否引入數碼聲音廣播及其他服務的方案。鑑於目前市場上就數碼聲音廣播及流動電視的技術標準仍未有明確的趨勢,筆者認為當局可考慮採取服務中立的原則編配頻譜。這將容許營辦商自行決定經營的業務及使用的技術,為營辦商提供靈活性。另一方面,這亦能創造機會讓市場帶動廣播服務發展,確保頻道能被有效運用。此外,這也能讓各項技術提供公平競爭的機會,避免部分服務因政策因素而失去在港發展的空間。
筆者認為,當局應避免側重個別服務,並將頻譜編配方案交由市場決定。這除了能確保有效運用頻譜資源外,也貫徹當局「市場主導」和「科技中立」的政策原則。
(本文已於2007年2月9日刊於文匯報"文匯論壇"。)
這項諮詢其中一項要點是頻譜編配的問題。各項廣播技術均需有可用的頻譜方能提供服務,可是頻譜資源有限,因此需在不同的廣播服務之間作出取捨。現時本港計劃引入的數碼廣播技術主要有三種:數碼地面電視、數碼聲音廣播及流動電視。另一方面,目前有四個頻帶可供引入數碼廣播服務,包括頻帶III、L頻帶、特高頻頻帶(UHF)及S頻帶。由於不同的數碼廣播技術可使用的頻帶互相重疊,當局必須嚮公眾交代釐定分配頻帶的方法。
在剛過去的立法會資訊科技委員會中,當局曾指出由於外國發展數碼聲音廣播服務的經驗未如理想,因此可考慮使用流動電視頻譜,同時進行流動電視和數碼聲音廣播,筆者對這項建議有所保留。由於目前只有韓國採用的T-DMB製式能同時作流動電視及聲音廣播,當局這項建議將影響市場的選擇。另外,現時歐洲大部分國家均計劃採用DVB-H流動電視製式,並已有多個國家推出服務或正進行測試,而內地也打算推動一項自行研發的新製式:中國移動多媒體廣播行業標準。鑑於香港與國際及內地市場息息相關,當局應密切留意國際和內地的流動電視的政策及市場發展,以免頻譜編配方案影響市場選擇適合的技術。
另一方面,文件中指出數碼聲音廣播技術(DAB)欠缺市場需求,筆者對此不敢苟同。現時除了英國在推動DAB技術外,更有多個國家如德國、丹麥、挪威、新加坡等地採用這項技術,其中在新加坡和丹麥更已全面覆蓋所有地區,可見DAB並非如當局所說一般乏善足陳。此外,文件中提及瑞典已暫停在DAB上的投資,可是政府沒有進一步說明該國是因打算引入DAB﹢,即DAB的升級技術,方作出這項決定。DAB+製式剛於零六年十一月製訂,並能進一步提升數碼聲音廣播的質素、提供更多頻道,以及提供更多額外資訊。現時歐洲多國及澳洲、新西蘭等國已計劃或已開始進行測試,相信這項技術仍有發展的空間。
在文件中政府建議三個方案進行頻譜編配,包括由市場主導方案、由政府指令頻譜編配方案,及以流動電視為主,並由營辦商自行決定是否引入數碼聲音廣播及其他服務的方案。鑑於目前市場上就數碼聲音廣播及流動電視的技術標準仍未有明確的趨勢,筆者認為當局可考慮採取服務中立的原則編配頻譜。這將容許營辦商自行決定經營的業務及使用的技術,為營辦商提供靈活性。另一方面,這亦能創造機會讓市場帶動廣播服務發展,確保頻道能被有效運用。此外,這也能讓各項技術提供公平競爭的機會,避免部分服務因政策因素而失去在港發展的空間。
筆者認為,當局應避免側重個別服務,並將頻譜編配方案交由市場決定。這除了能確保有效運用頻譜資源外,也貫徹當局「市場主導」和「科技中立」的政策原則。
(本文已於2007年2月9日刊於文匯報"文匯論壇"。)

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