國金會報告的啟示
一月初,財經事務及庫務局局長馬時亨在立法會上,引述國際貨幣基金會一份報告,指「在沒有任何政策轉變或改革(醫療改革、擴闊稅基及穩定政府收入的安排)的情況下,理想的儲備水平應該維持在相等於本地生產總值百分之三十至五十的水平,以應付收入波動,以現時的本地生產總值水平而言,這相等於4410億元至7360億元」。
這個就財政儲備適當水平的最新演繹,遠遠高於上任財政司司長梁錦松建議的十二個月政府開支,以及曾蔭權於九八年提出的十二個月政府開支及港元貨幣供應M1的總和。
當日馬局長相信是回應議員在動議辯論時談到政府儲備水平的問題。筆者一直認為政府的財政儲備只需相等於十二個月政府開支便足夠,而這也是政府的政策,故當日修訂原動議,特別提出政府應實在地執行將儲備定於十二個月政府開支水平的政策,是希望政府可以善用財政盈餘。
筆者聽過馬局長的解說後大有疑惑,遂從網上下載報告原文,發現馬時亨局長談及的,只是報告結論的其中一部分,卻沒有公佈報告其他相當有啟發性的建議,包括國金會建議政府應付收入波動的部分,和減低適當儲備水平的建議。
國金會在其報告花了很多篇幅解釋其達至上述結論的研究,而報告後半部則評估政府引入銷售稅或「穩定投資收入」對「適當儲備水平」的影響。
報告第二十四段指根據該會研究,「穩定投資收入」能顯著地減低政府的財政風險和適當的儲備水平。該會假設,若政府財政儲備每年的投資回報率等同外匯基金歷年的平均回報,政府需要用於抵禦極端惡劣環境(連續五年至七年赤字)的儲備水平將會大幅下降,減幅等同本地生產總值的百分之七至兩成。
這裡所說的「投資收入」,其實是指現時政府約三千億元儲備存放在金管局每年所獲得的分賬。政府與金管局自九八年起訂立財政儲備回報率等同外匯基金回報率的安排,以致政府的分賬額(即投資收入)年年不同。國金會認為,這是政府收入波動的其中一個原因,故建議政府與金管局磋商,尋求穩定投資收入的方法。這建議與民主黨早於零一年提出的建議不謀而合,而多年來,筆者都認為,政府可考慮將分賬額定為每年三百億元,也多次要求政府考慮,可惜至今政府仍沒有具體的回應。
報告的廿四段,其實相當清楚地指出,只要政府願意坐言起行,與金管局商討改變外匯基金投資收益的分賬方法,馬時亨局長引述的「適當儲備水平」的門檻可以降低,政府毋須再致力追求增加儲備,反而可以善用盈餘於有利社會長遠發展的工作。不知馬局長會否再三細閱報告的這部分?
(本文已於2007年2月2日刊於文匯報"單刀直入"專欄。)
這個就財政儲備適當水平的最新演繹,遠遠高於上任財政司司長梁錦松建議的十二個月政府開支,以及曾蔭權於九八年提出的十二個月政府開支及港元貨幣供應M1的總和。
當日馬局長相信是回應議員在動議辯論時談到政府儲備水平的問題。筆者一直認為政府的財政儲備只需相等於十二個月政府開支便足夠,而這也是政府的政策,故當日修訂原動議,特別提出政府應實在地執行將儲備定於十二個月政府開支水平的政策,是希望政府可以善用財政盈餘。
筆者聽過馬局長的解說後大有疑惑,遂從網上下載報告原文,發現馬時亨局長談及的,只是報告結論的其中一部分,卻沒有公佈報告其他相當有啟發性的建議,包括國金會建議政府應付收入波動的部分,和減低適當儲備水平的建議。
國金會在其報告花了很多篇幅解釋其達至上述結論的研究,而報告後半部則評估政府引入銷售稅或「穩定投資收入」對「適當儲備水平」的影響。
報告第二十四段指根據該會研究,「穩定投資收入」能顯著地減低政府的財政風險和適當的儲備水平。該會假設,若政府財政儲備每年的投資回報率等同外匯基金歷年的平均回報,政府需要用於抵禦極端惡劣環境(連續五年至七年赤字)的儲備水平將會大幅下降,減幅等同本地生產總值的百分之七至兩成。
這裡所說的「投資收入」,其實是指現時政府約三千億元儲備存放在金管局每年所獲得的分賬。政府與金管局自九八年起訂立財政儲備回報率等同外匯基金回報率的安排,以致政府的分賬額(即投資收入)年年不同。國金會認為,這是政府收入波動的其中一個原因,故建議政府與金管局磋商,尋求穩定投資收入的方法。這建議與民主黨早於零一年提出的建議不謀而合,而多年來,筆者都認為,政府可考慮將分賬額定為每年三百億元,也多次要求政府考慮,可惜至今政府仍沒有具體的回應。
報告的廿四段,其實相當清楚地指出,只要政府願意坐言起行,與金管局商討改變外匯基金投資收益的分賬方法,馬時亨局長引述的「適當儲備水平」的門檻可以降低,政府毋須再致力追求增加儲備,反而可以善用盈餘於有利社會長遠發展的工作。不知馬局長會否再三細閱報告的這部分?
(本文已於2007年2月2日刊於文匯報"單刀直入"專欄。)


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