減少廢物刻不容緩
香港每年製造的垃圾數量驚人,以目前廢物量增加的趨勢估計,香港的堆填 區在未來六至十年便會飽和,情況令人憂慮。以往,政府並沒有積極推行廢物源頭分類的計劃,令各種可循環再造廢物的回收率偏低。政府去年提出的都市固體廢物 的管理方案,仍只側重研究處理廢物技術,如焚化技術等事宜,未有制訂一套全面和連貫的廢物處理策略,包括研究改善廢物回收及循環再造的工作,再者,政府所 提出的三個減少廢物、增加回收及循環再造的指標亦頗為保守,對真正解決本港的都市固體廢物問題,實現可持續發展的目標顯然力有不逮。
我們認為,要真正解決廢物問題,必須從廢物的生產源頭着手,以減少廢物的生產為首要任務。政府必須先就減少廢物、廢物回收,循環再造和再用等各項措施,提 出全面具體的計劃,為回收各類廢物資源,訂下目標及時間表;在推行這些措施後,餘下不可回收的廢物,才作末端的焚化或堆填處理。
事實上,海外不少國家地區的減少廢物的經驗,包括促進環保工業的政策、徵收家居垃圾費,落實產品責任制及引入環保稅等措施的成效,值得本港借鏡。
由零一年,首次建議政府透過改革現有稅制,以達致保護環境的目標開始,我們不斷研究有關建議,並於今年完成有關環保稅的研究報告,促請政府盡快落實徵收環 保稅。所謂「環保稅」其實是指政府利用經濟誘因,透過向破壞環境的產品及行為徵費或稅項,改變市民使用破壞環境的產品的習慣,從而減少產生污染物,或增加 循環再造有用物料。環保稅根據「污染者自付」及「收入中立」的原則來制定稅項和稅率。「污染者自付」指由污染者承擔部分或全部處理污染物的成本;「收入中 立」則指環保稅不以增加政府收入為原則:政府在引入環保稅後,現時用於保護環境的開支,逐步由新稅承擔,所節省的開支可以透過削減稅項及調低影響民生的收 費,還富於民。
我們深明制訂一個可持續的都市固 體廢物處理方法並不容易,因此民主黨將於2006年9月1日假香港會議展覽中心舉行「都市固體廢物處理策略及技術研討會」,分別邀請了日本、瑞典、瑞士和 本地的專家及學者,分享他們在處理都市固體廢物的經驗和心得。本地環保組織的代表亦會透過評論及分組討論的形式,與講者互相交流。政務司司長許仕仁先生及 環境運輸及工務局局長廖秀冬博士撥冗出席主禮及作專題演講,相信會令研討會生色不少。
我們期望研討會能透過集合本港與海外不同背景及專門知識講者的建議,對政府在制訂都市固體廢物處理策略時有所啟示。
(本文已於2006年8月25日刊於文匯報"單刀直入"專欄。)


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