特首訓示是智能運輸的催化劑?
媒體於上月底報道,特首曾蔭權早前巡視緊急事故交通協調中心時,曾經就運輸署至今仍未推出例如全球衛星定位系統等智能運輸系統,當鏡頭前「訓示」署方官員。據悉,當時有官員嘗試以香港道路網複雜為由,解釋遲遲不推行衛星定位系統。不過,曾特首卻隨即拋出一句:「複雜得過東京嗎?」
誠然,香港的道路網的確複雜。加上香港高樓大廈極多,所造成的「狹谷效應」或會影響收發衛星信號,加添在港推行全球衛星定位系統的困難。然而,筆者卻絕不認同這是拖慢香港發展智能運輸系統的原因。
能力和政策誘因兼備
可見,香港在發展智能運輸系統這方面的實力並不遜色。再者,去年五月東九龍大塞車後,政府因而成立的緊急交通事故協調工作專責小組,曾提出二十多項與資訊科技有關的建議,改善交通運輸管理和緊急交通事故協調的工作。可惜,即使在能力和政策誘因兼備的情況下,香港發展智能運輸的成績仍未如人意;而長達整年,當局也只完成專責小組的一半建議。究竟,問題出在哪裡?
發展遲緩問題何在
第一,當局不是把智能運輸視為方便道路使用者而設的基建。根據運輸署訂立的智能運輸系統策略,其方向主要是設立有助控制區域交通、偵察車速和監察路面情況等輔助運輸署管理道路的系統。儘管當局也在三條過海隧道口設立行車時間顯示系統,並在互聯網上轉播實時交通影像,但這些服務對於正駕車或在旅途中的道路使用者來說,實質幫助不大。
筆者認為,一套成功的智能運輸系統,其中的主要功能是有效協助駕車人士和乘客能夠因應即時路面情況而及時更改交通路線,以減低出現路面擠塞的機會。可惜,筆者得悉即使有流動網絡營辦商早在三年前向運輸署提出,透過流動電話網絡向用戶發放實時交通資訊,以補充行車時間顯示系統和網上廣播的不足。惟當局至今仍未落實發放有關資訊的詳細安排和收費模式,令業界至今仍難以推出該項服務。
第二,缺乏跨政策的視野。固然,推動智能運輸的主要目的是紓緩交通問題。不過,當局也不能忽視它所帶來的「副作用」,包括減低交通運輸對自然環境的傷害,以及拓展智能運輸系統及服務市場的商機。正如上文提及的軟件產品和利用流動電話發放的實時交通資訊服務,不就是因智能運輸而衍生的機遇?
因此,同時負責運輸和環境政策的環運局,實不應把這兩個政策割裂處理,而是要藉智能運輸系統節省車輛行車時間和因路面擠塞所耗用的能源,以達至保護環境的效果。至於工商及科技局和經濟發展及勞工局,則應擔當推動智能運輸系統及服務市場發展的角色,鼓勵物流、運輸、資訊科技等業界合作,促進有關系統及服務的開發和應用。
第三,當局只擔當被動的角色。在「大市場、小政府」的原則下,由私人機構發展及提供智能運輸系統的應用模式及服務是適合的。然而,這並不等於當局的工作只限於建立運輸資訊系統等各項系統,忽略政府與業界之間的合作。參考多個歐洲國家的經驗,在當地政府和行業組織的支持下,他們成立了跨界別的公私營合作組織;藉互相吸納對方的經驗、技術和觀點,推動與智能運輸相關的科研、技術和應用系統發展。這不僅令當地的智能運輸發展日趨成熟,也為相關行業締造不少商機。他們的經驗,實在值得我們借鏡。
說到底,以上種種原因都是因為智能運輸在特區政府的政策議程中,所佔的位置較次。若環運局仍不提升發展智能運輸的政策優先次序,只怕交通擠塞只會繼空氣污染之後,成為海外旅客對香港卻步的另一主要原因。筆者期望,曾特首的「責難」能夠成為香港發展智能運輸的催化劑。否則,這一切只會變成曾特首在鏡頭前的一場秀而已。(本文已於2006年8月19日刊於文匯報"單刀直入"專欄。)


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