獨立調查小組不宜用於嘉亨灣
政府於上周二公布了嘉亨灣三人獨立調查小組報告,當中指前任建築事務監督兼屋宇署署長梁展文酌情批出額外地積比率乃恰當和合理,這跟較早前立法會政府帳目委員會報告對梁表示強烈不滿及遺憾的結論有很大的出入,造成社會極大的震撼,質疑政府是否企圖藉獨立調查小組來為梁翻案,並打擊帳目委員會的權威。
過去,政府也曾成立個別的獨立調查小組,就一些具爭議性的事件,如沙士、維港巨星匯等進行深入調查。但這些事件大都只涉及行政失當或部門間溝通不足的問題,而今次嘉亨灣事件針對的是建築事務監督是否合理及恰當地行使酌情權的問題。
要知道,在建築設計的具體審批上需有一定的彈性,不可能完全取消酌情權,酌情權的存在就意味作決策的官員須負上最終的責任,決不可諉過於純粹制度問題。所以要研究及檢討這個制度,就必須從酌情權的決定是否合理的角度來看。
但以行政法的角度來調查事件的獨立調查小組,主要是看官員在行使酌情權是否合乎法律程序,官員要有很明顯的錯誤或越權才算是失當,故此疑點利益往往歸於有關官員。結果令獨立調查小組在整個調查過程中,未能真正去檢討行使酌情權的問題。此外,獨立調查小組指梁展文酌情批出額外地積比率乃恰當和合理,不應受到批評。但我們從有關的程序的角度來看,梁在行使酌情權時是否真的合乎程序也成疑問。
帳目委員會報告指出,梁展文在批出豁免地方時,除規劃署外,其他有關政府部門,即地政總署、運輸署、路政署和消防署,均未獲邀派代表出席就有關事宜作出決定的會議,實在令人質疑梁根本未有全面諮詢有關部門,讓反對意見有機會得到充分的表達;報告更指出批出額外地方的建議,必須待有關政府部門均接納有關的圖則後,才可獲得批准,但梁其後在未徵得地政總署同意,便批准批出額外地方。這明顯違反程序,也可能涉及越權。由此可見,梁在行使酌情權時,極有可能違反了政府內部的程序和指引。
但獨立調查小組報告的結論卻認為梁展文行使酌情權是合乎程序及恰當的,這可見小組對於「恰當和合理」的理解,十分狹隘,僅是表明建築事務監督是根據有關法律有權行使酌情權而已。獨立調查小組在這個基礎上進行調查,對了解及檢討行使酌情權的事宜上幫助十分有限。
(本文已於2006年5月19日刊於文匯報"單刀直入"專欄。)


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