版權修訂條例的新建議
去年底,我曾在本欄撰文討論工商及科技局就修訂版權條例草案的建議,尤其是對商業機構影響較深的「董事╱合夥人的刑責」,以及可能影響部分電腦遊戲愛好者的「規避科技措施的活動的民事補救」安排。
於上月底,工商及科技局向立法會提交了版權條例草案,臚列當局一系列修訂草案;而立法會也成立了法案委員會審議這草案。對比當局於去年底提出的修訂建議,當局在草案所作出的改動不算多。當中較為重要的,可說是界定「董事╱合夥人的刑責」的準則。
政府當局原先的建議,若法人團體或合夥機構在業務過程中作出侵犯版權的行為,該機構負責「主要行政職務」的董事或合夥人將需負上刑事責任。然而,要界定何謂「主要行政職務」並非容易的事;而確定哪位屬於董事或合夥人執行主要行政職務的人,則更具困難。因此,當局在條例草案中把「負責主要行政職務」修訂為「負責內部管理」。要是沒有這董事或合夥人負責「內部管理」的工作,則有關刑責落由在董事或合夥人直接授權負責有關業務的「內部管理」人員身上。
另方面,當局在條例草案為上述刑責訂明了辯護:若被告人能舉出證據,證明他並沒有授權進行有關的侵權,則可被法院考慮作為免除該被告人的法律責任的因素。
我理解,當局是在汲取業界、公眾人士和議員對這項建議的意見後,方作出這項修訂。對於當局的回應,我當然歡迎。然而,以「內部管理」取代「主要行政職務」是否能夠解決定義不清的問題?公眾人士應如何理解「內部管理」的意思?所謂負責「內部管理」的人員,是指負責有關機構的整體管理的人(如總經理、行政總裁),還是單單指涉及管理與侵權物品有關的業務的部門主管(如資訊科技部門主管、企業傳訊部門主管)?因此,當局必須提出清晰的定義,才能協助機構劃清其「內部管理」人員的權責。
我認為,新增的免責辯護,將有助消除商界在過去諮詢過程中所提出的憂慮,尤其是管理人員難以完全知悉和控制職員在業務過程中的活動。由於引入禁止使用侵權物品的公司政策,也可作為免除法律責任的考慮因素,相信這將會是促使機構加強負責任的業務管治的重要誘因。當然,只是鼓勵機構訂定有關政策並不足夠。事實上,本地機構以中小型企業為主。當局應進一步推廣軟件資產管理程序,協助它們落實執行禁用侵權物品的政策。否則,這項新增的刑責不是變成紙老虎,就會為中小企添加營商壓力。
至於電腦遊戲愛好者可能較為關心的「規避科技措施的活動的民事補救」安排,條例草案與當局原先的建議則分別不大。就數碼娛樂業界人士要求把規避保護版權科技措施的行為(例如:改裝遊戲機的晶片、拆解保護版權作品的密碼)增訂刑事罪行,當局則沒有接納。
我認為,這種安排是與政府推動數碼娛樂業和創意工業的措施是背道而馳的。誠然,本地的平行進口數碼影音產品和遊戲作品市場很小,而且消費者如欲使用平行進口的產品,也可以輕易購得符合相應區碼的影音設備╱遊戲機。相反,因改裝遊戲機或其他規避科技措施的活動所造成的經濟損失,則數以億元計算。事實上,其他國家例如澳洲、新加坡及英國,早已實施有關「改機刑事化」的法規。因此,我促請當局再三考慮接納業界的建議。若有需要,我也樂意在立法會上提出修訂,以反映業界對版權條例草案的期望。
是次版權條例的修訂,當然不只限於上述提及的兩項改動。條例草案還引入影片及漫畫書租賃權、放寬平行進口版權作品的使用限制(如縮短刑責期至九個月)等;影響範圍甚廣。為了聆聽公眾對條例草案的意見,負責審議這項草案的立法會法案委員會將於五月八日舉行會議,聽取公眾人士的意見。我們歡迎各團體或個人向委員會提交意見書。有關是次會議的詳情和報名,請登入立法會的網頁。
(本文已於2006年4月21日刊於文匯報"單刀直入"專欄。)
於上月底,工商及科技局向立法會提交了版權條例草案,臚列當局一系列修訂草案;而立法會也成立了法案委員會審議這草案。對比當局於去年底提出的修訂建議,當局在草案所作出的改動不算多。當中較為重要的,可說是界定「董事╱合夥人的刑責」的準則。
政府當局原先的建議,若法人團體或合夥機構在業務過程中作出侵犯版權的行為,該機構負責「主要行政職務」的董事或合夥人將需負上刑事責任。然而,要界定何謂「主要行政職務」並非容易的事;而確定哪位屬於董事或合夥人執行主要行政職務的人,則更具困難。因此,當局在條例草案中把「負責主要行政職務」修訂為「負責內部管理」。要是沒有這董事或合夥人負責「內部管理」的工作,則有關刑責落由在董事或合夥人直接授權負責有關業務的「內部管理」人員身上。
另方面,當局在條例草案為上述刑責訂明了辯護:若被告人能舉出證據,證明他並沒有授權進行有關的侵權,則可被法院考慮作為免除該被告人的法律責任的因素。
我理解,當局是在汲取業界、公眾人士和議員對這項建議的意見後,方作出這項修訂。對於當局的回應,我當然歡迎。然而,以「內部管理」取代「主要行政職務」是否能夠解決定義不清的問題?公眾人士應如何理解「內部管理」的意思?所謂負責「內部管理」的人員,是指負責有關機構的整體管理的人(如總經理、行政總裁),還是單單指涉及管理與侵權物品有關的業務的部門主管(如資訊科技部門主管、企業傳訊部門主管)?因此,當局必須提出清晰的定義,才能協助機構劃清其「內部管理」人員的權責。
我認為,新增的免責辯護,將有助消除商界在過去諮詢過程中所提出的憂慮,尤其是管理人員難以完全知悉和控制職員在業務過程中的活動。由於引入禁止使用侵權物品的公司政策,也可作為免除法律責任的考慮因素,相信這將會是促使機構加強負責任的業務管治的重要誘因。當然,只是鼓勵機構訂定有關政策並不足夠。事實上,本地機構以中小型企業為主。當局應進一步推廣軟件資產管理程序,協助它們落實執行禁用侵權物品的政策。否則,這項新增的刑責不是變成紙老虎,就會為中小企添加營商壓力。
至於電腦遊戲愛好者可能較為關心的「規避科技措施的活動的民事補救」安排,條例草案與當局原先的建議則分別不大。就數碼娛樂業界人士要求把規避保護版權科技措施的行為(例如:改裝遊戲機的晶片、拆解保護版權作品的密碼)增訂刑事罪行,當局則沒有接納。
我認為,這種安排是與政府推動數碼娛樂業和創意工業的措施是背道而馳的。誠然,本地的平行進口數碼影音產品和遊戲作品市場很小,而且消費者如欲使用平行進口的產品,也可以輕易購得符合相應區碼的影音設備╱遊戲機。相反,因改裝遊戲機或其他規避科技措施的活動所造成的經濟損失,則數以億元計算。事實上,其他國家例如澳洲、新加坡及英國,早已實施有關「改機刑事化」的法規。因此,我促請當局再三考慮接納業界的建議。若有需要,我也樂意在立法會上提出修訂,以反映業界對版權條例草案的期望。
是次版權條例的修訂,當然不只限於上述提及的兩項改動。條例草案還引入影片及漫畫書租賃權、放寬平行進口版權作品的使用限制(如縮短刑責期至九個月)等;影響範圍甚廣。為了聆聽公眾對條例草案的意見,負責審議這項草案的立法會法案委員會將於五月八日舉行會議,聽取公眾人士的意見。我們歡迎各團體或個人向委員會提交意見書。有關是次會議的詳情和報名,請登入立法會的網頁。
(本文已於2006年4月21日刊於文匯報"單刀直入"專欄。)

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