把可再生能源接上電網
《香港電力市場未來的發展》的諮詢期將在今天屆滿。自文件公布後,多個利益團體連月來都進行各式各樣的游說,表達立場。社會討論焦點集中在准許利潤的水平以及燃煤發電所帶來的污染等問題。事實上,怎樣促使電力公司發展可再生能源,以及制訂香港至今仍缺乏的可再生能源政策,同樣是一個非常重要的議題。
面對全球資源短絀及環境污染的問題,發展及使用可再生能源已經成為世界趨勢。可再生能源既環保,又較傳統燃料,如煤、石油等清潔,因此世界上很多地方己制定訂發展可再生能源的策略。其中,日本更是全球在太陽能應用方面的最成功的例子之一。
日本在很早以前就意識到,如果能在家居環境中利用太陽能發電,便可以大大地節省電能。據了解,日本有一座小城,興建了一些新型住宅,大部分房子於露台或屋頂,都裝有太陽能電池板。發電系統的運作是由光電池產生的直流電,轉換成交流電,再分成兩路。其中一路用來供給家用電器使用,另一路就與電力公司的供電網絡相連接。這樣做的好處,是日間時份陽光充沛,光電池所產生的電力通常不能盡用。因此,除了為供給家用電器的使用外,剩餘的電力便可接入電網。而在晚間時份或陰天時,這些家庭便可透過電網輸入電力使用。
香港在發展可再生能源方面未能追上很多已發展國家,原因之一,是現時兩間電力公司沒有開放電網,亦不需要聯網,令可再生能源的發電成本大大增加。這不但不利於本地的再生能源發展,亦不利於從廣東省輸入可再生能源來港。為了長遠發展可再生能源而作好準備,政府實在有必要促請兩間電力公司盡快加強聯網。
另一方面,政府應鼓勵兩間電力公司,加強支援市民,學校以及一些私人機構,如大型會所、俱樂部等,使用可再生能源,並將這些從太陽能板或風力產生的電力,接駁入電網。事實上,有不少環保組織都指出,目前的電力架構有不少人為障礙,令有意開發可再生能源的機構,因未能將電力上網而放棄有關研究。
正如政府所言,可再生能源的發電系統,由於完全依靠大自然的資源來發電,發電量因此會有起伏變化或間斷情況,如要發揮最大的效用,有關系統必須和電網接駁,以補充這系統發電量的變化。針對電力上網問題,政府應盡早要求電力公司,開放其電網予使用可再生能源的用戶和發電設施,並豁免用戶接駁電網所需的行政費用,以為他們提供經濟誘因,使用可再生能源。另外,政府必須盡快制訂及落實接駁電網的安全規格,讓一些自行開發可再生能源的機構或組織,更容易在建築物安裝可再生能源發電系統,並將能源接駁上兩間電力公司的電網。當然,要長遠地改善環境,減少傳統發電帶來的污染,政府必需制訂可再生能源政策,鼓勵兩電及私人機構使用可再生能源。政府實在應把握今年與兩電商討利潤管制計劃的機會,制訂政策及提供經濟誘因,為可再生能源提供良好的發展環境。
(本文已於2006年3月31日刊於文匯報"單刀直入"專欄。)
面對全球資源短絀及環境污染的問題,發展及使用可再生能源已經成為世界趨勢。可再生能源既環保,又較傳統燃料,如煤、石油等清潔,因此世界上很多地方己制定訂發展可再生能源的策略。其中,日本更是全球在太陽能應用方面的最成功的例子之一。
日本在很早以前就意識到,如果能在家居環境中利用太陽能發電,便可以大大地節省電能。據了解,日本有一座小城,興建了一些新型住宅,大部分房子於露台或屋頂,都裝有太陽能電池板。發電系統的運作是由光電池產生的直流電,轉換成交流電,再分成兩路。其中一路用來供給家用電器使用,另一路就與電力公司的供電網絡相連接。這樣做的好處,是日間時份陽光充沛,光電池所產生的電力通常不能盡用。因此,除了為供給家用電器的使用外,剩餘的電力便可接入電網。而在晚間時份或陰天時,這些家庭便可透過電網輸入電力使用。
香港在發展可再生能源方面未能追上很多已發展國家,原因之一,是現時兩間電力公司沒有開放電網,亦不需要聯網,令可再生能源的發電成本大大增加。這不但不利於本地的再生能源發展,亦不利於從廣東省輸入可再生能源來港。為了長遠發展可再生能源而作好準備,政府實在有必要促請兩間電力公司盡快加強聯網。
另一方面,政府應鼓勵兩間電力公司,加強支援市民,學校以及一些私人機構,如大型會所、俱樂部等,使用可再生能源,並將這些從太陽能板或風力產生的電力,接駁入電網。事實上,有不少環保組織都指出,目前的電力架構有不少人為障礙,令有意開發可再生能源的機構,因未能將電力上網而放棄有關研究。
正如政府所言,可再生能源的發電系統,由於完全依靠大自然的資源來發電,發電量因此會有起伏變化或間斷情況,如要發揮最大的效用,有關系統必須和電網接駁,以補充這系統發電量的變化。針對電力上網問題,政府應盡早要求電力公司,開放其電網予使用可再生能源的用戶和發電設施,並豁免用戶接駁電網所需的行政費用,以為他們提供經濟誘因,使用可再生能源。另外,政府必須盡快制訂及落實接駁電網的安全規格,讓一些自行開發可再生能源的機構或組織,更容易在建築物安裝可再生能源發電系統,並將能源接駁上兩間電力公司的電網。當然,要長遠地改善環境,減少傳統發電帶來的污染,政府必需制訂可再生能源政策,鼓勵兩電及私人機構使用可再生能源。政府實在應把握今年與兩電商討利潤管制計劃的機會,制訂政策及提供經濟誘因,為可再生能源提供良好的發展環境。
(本文已於2006年3月31日刊於文匯報"單刀直入"專欄。)


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