數碼證書不是賺錢機器
市民大眾都知道香港郵政就是派遞信件的郵局,然而什麼是香港郵政核證機關,相信不是人人知曉。香港郵政核證機關是由香港郵政於二零零零年成立的公共核證機關,以商營企業的模式向公眾簽發認可的數碼證書;透過電子證書服務,為企業和市民建立一個穩健可靠的電子交易環境,從而推動電子商貿發展。
電子證書使用率不理想
經過數年來的努力,電子證書在香港的滲透率可說是不錯。當然,這也有賴全港智能身份證換領計劃的機遇,讓市民選擇在身份證內植入電子證書。根據政府公布的統計數字,過去五年香港郵政核證機關共簽發了147萬份電子證書,而當中約有八成是植入智能身份證,供持有人首年免費使用。可惜,儘管當局出盡法寶,既免除證書首年年費,又邀請明星當宣傳大使、大搞抽獎送禮,但公眾使用率仍不理想,甚至被輿論批評浪費公帑之嫌。
正因如此,工商及科技局在今年年中就香港郵政核證機關的業務進行檢討。在當局於本星期初交予立法會資訊科技及廣播事務委員會的文件中,建議把香港郵政核證機關的業務「外判」予私營市場;要是沒有私營企業願意接手的話,香港郵政核證機關則會在零八年首季停止運作。
電子證書不是以賺錢為目的
誠然,香港郵政核證機關成立以來,累積了近九千萬元的營運虧損,若把郵政署營運基金和工商及科技局近二億元的投資計算在內,這個共花掉近三億元的電子證書計劃獲成效如此,當然令納稅人不甚滿意。但這是否等於推行電子證書計劃是浪費公帑?是否等於政府需要及早抽身、撒手不理?箇中的重點是,究竟電子證書應作為一種賺錢業務還是一項公共服務?
從資訊科技界的角度看,電子證書服務從來不是一種以賺錢為目的的計劃。還記得九八年政府公布首份「數碼21」資訊科技策略時,為了建立公眾對電子交易的信心,提出在香港建立公鑰基建、選擇了符合認證、保密、穩妥及不容推翻功能的電子證書,作為與文本簽署具同等法律效力的數碼簽署,廣為大眾支持。當時,無論政府和業界,都視該計劃為推動資訊保安的資訊基礎建設項目;而香港郵政作為公共核證機關的因由,正是因為「市場失效」——在市場上缺乏類似的成功商業個案,令政府得插手負責簽發電子證書的工作。
如今,按當局所提交文件所指,政府卻因為「缺乏持續的業務商機」、香港郵政核證機關在財政上未能自給自足而逃離市場。看來,當局似乎忘了當天推出電子證書計劃和成立公共核證機關的本意。這個論調,就如一項建設中基建工程,因為預計缺乏業務商機,便決定半途而廢一樣。又如假設某一條鐵路的財政狀況不能自給自足,政府總不會因此要求鐵路公司「關門大吉」,而是要求公司的管理層採取更積極的措施爭取更多乘客。
應繼續支持電子證書計劃
無可否認,相比其他資訊保安技術,例如個人辨認號碼(PIN)等,電子證書始終是最能保障資訊保安、提供一個穩妥和可靠電子交易環境的技術。電子交易已是世界潮流,為本地的電子商貿發展,當局應當繼續支持電子證書計劃,構思更多方案鼓勵公眾採用電子證書,例如,與電腦生產/分銷商合作,在電腦硬件預設智能咭閱讀器、加強推廣即插即用式的USB智能卡數據安全平台、增加可使用電子證書的電子政府服務等,以建立一個重視電子交易穩妥性和資訊保安的社會環境。
電子證書作為一項資訊基礎建設,實在不應用計劃賺錢與否來衡量它的價值。若政府不再推動電子證書服務,則不難想像數年後,當我們要發展一些需要認證保安層次較高的電子商貿應用方案,卻發覺原來我們沒有相應的資訊基建,徒浪費政府和業界在過去數年推動資訊保安和電子證書的資源和努力。
(本文已於2005年12月9日刊於文匯報"單刀直入"專欄。)

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