Sin Chung Kai's blog - Former Legislative Councillor (Information Technology)

Saturday, April 09, 2005

電力電訊南轅北轍

「中港電力」日前聲稱進軍本地電力市場,再次掀起開放電力市場的討論。電訊和電力都是龐大的公共事業市場,前者高度開放,後者由兩電壟斷。這南轅北轍的現象,全因為政府在九十年代的政策矛盾:這邊廂回購電訊專營權,另邊廂批出為期十五年利潤管制協議予兩電。當時財政司司長翟克誠退休後加盟中電當副主席,有沒有利益輸送不得而知。

「中港電力」能否打出岔口,似乎言之尚早,因市場不僅擔心它的供電能力,也憂慮電力市場若真的出現競爭,會帶來甚麼後果。由高度壟斷過渡至高度競爭的市場環境,過程中難免會引起震盪。本地電訊市場也曾走過這一段路,是很值得借鑑的經驗。

開埠以來,電訊業務都是由前香港電訊壟斷經營,並擁有電話網絡。市民在無可選擇下,要使用固網電話,就必要繳交高昂的電話費,情況與現時電力市場相似。九三年,政府為開放電訊市場,設立電訊管理局;九八年更花六十七億回購前香港電訊的專營權,又不設固網電訊商牌照上限,實施第二類互連政策,讓沒有自設網絡的固網商,也可租用網絡而盡早投入市場;另外,也修訂《電訊條例》,規管業內可能妨礙公平競爭的併購活動,提升競爭效能。

經歷多年,電訊市場已變得既成熟又具競爭性。消費者受惠於固網商之間的競爭,不僅告別交貴電話費的年代,而電訊服務質素也日漸提升。(當然,這是指在話音質素和網絡穩定方面,而電訊商的銷售手法和客戶服務仍有必要改進。)由此可見,公共服務市場開放後,消費者的得益顯而易見,而過程中所引起的「震盪」,更非如洪水猛獸。

儘管「中港電力」出現,間接增加政府與兩電利潤管制協議談判的籌碼,但杯水車薪,不能真正打破電力市場被壟斷的困局。成立監管局、設互連政策,才是真正開放電力市場良策。成功與否,還有賴政府和行業監管者所設計的開放時間表、有效推行改革和吸納業界意見。

(本文已於2005年4月4日刊於東方日報龍門陣"單刀直入"專欄)

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